Eventually I tried to sell him and another player ended up on the transfer list. So I took a look in the save game file and noticed that those two players had the same player id. If it helps, I had bought both of the players.
I took a quick look at the source code, but I couldn't quite figure out how it might have happened. What's strange was that the player id was something like 574, while there were plenty of the players in the league with player ids of over 1000. So I have no idea how it happened.
Selling both players (unfortunately) seemed to have fixed the problem for me and I haven't had any problems since. Anyway, just posting the bug in case this twigs anything in anyone's mind. Sorry I don't have better reproduction instructions
